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[2] ------. “Africa and Her Writers.” Morning Yet on Creation Day. Anchor Press, 1975, pp. 29– 45.
[3] Ashcroft, Bill, et al. The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures. Routledge, 1989.
[4] Baldwin, James. “On Language, Race, and the Black Writer.” The Cross of Redemption: Uncollected Writings, edited and with an introduction by Randall Kenan. Vintage, 2011, pp. 140–144.
[5] ------. “The New Lost Generation.” James Baldwin: Collected Essays, edited by Toni Morrison. The Library of America, 1998, pp. 659–68.
[6] ------. “Sonny’s Blues.” Going to Meet the Man. James Baldwin: Early Novels and Stories, edited by Toni Morrison. The Library of America, 1998, pp. 757–952.
[7] ------. Giovanni’s Room. James Baldwin: Early Novels and Stories, edited by Toni Morrison. The Library of America, 1998, pp. 217–360.
[8] Barthes, Roland. “The Death of the Author.” Image, Music, Text. Translated by Stephen Heath. Fontana, 1977, pp. 142–148.
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[13] Hemingway, Ernest. “The Snows of Kilimanjaro.” The First Forty-Nine Stories. Arrow, 1993.
[14] ------. A Moveable Feast. Vintage, 2000.
[15] ------. The Garden of Eden. Scribner, 2003.
[16] ------. A Farewell to Arms. Arrow, 2004.
[17] Holcomb, Gary E, and Charles Scruggs. “Hemingway and the Black Renaissance.” Hemingway and the Black Renaissance, edited by Gary E. Holcomb and Charles Scruggs. The Ohio State UP, 2012, pp. 1–26.
[18] Miller, D. Quentin. “Free Men in Paris: The Shared Sensibility of James Baldwin and Ernest Hemingway.” Hemingway and the Black Renaissance, edited by Gary E. Holcomb and Charles Scruggs. The Ohio State UP, 2012, pp.120–132.
[19] Morrison, Toni. Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination. Vintage, 1993.
[20] Said, Edward. Representations of the Intellectual: The 1993 Reith Lectures. Vintage, 1996.
[21] Salih, Tayeb. Season of Migration to the North. Translated by Denys Johnson-Davis.
[22] Heinemann, 1969.
[23] Toumi, Rachid. “Locating Innocence in Sexual Difference: Problematized Masculinity in
[24] Hemingway and Baldwin.” Language, Literature, and Interdisciplinary Studies, vol. 5, no. 3, 20 May 2023, pp. 25–41, https://ellids.com/archives/2023/05/5.3-Toumi.pdf.
[25] ------.“Expatriation as Laboratory in Ernest Hemingway’s and James Baldwin’s Parisian
[26] Memoirs.” International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences, vol. 9, no.1, January-February 2024, pp. 117–122, https://journal-repository.com/index.php/ijels/article/view/7025.